Anatomy of the Cervix

To understand where your cancer is, it may help to know more about the cervix. The cervix is one part of your reproductive system. It is the lower part of your womb, also called the uterus. The cervix connects your uterus and vagina. And your vagina leads to the outside of your body and the vulva, which is the skin area where you have pubic hair. These are the other parts of your reproductive system. They are all in your pelvis.

• Vagina

• 2 ovaries

• 2 fallopian tubes

Cross-section of the Female Reproductive System

The cervix has 2 parts. The outer part, closest to the vagina, is called the ectocervix. The inner part, closest to the uterus, is called the endocervix. Where these 2 parts meet is where most cervical cancers start. This is also called the transformation zone.  

Many layers of cells make up the cervix. Two types of cells are on the surface of the cervix.

• Squamous epithelial cells line the outer part of the cervix.

• Columnar epithelial cells line the inner part of the cervix.

The Female Reproductive System